Wednesday 24th October 2012
"Graphic Design: A Medium For The Masses" Lecture Notes
James Beighton
Origins of Graphic Design
- Cave Paintings- Visual form that's understandable which represents day-to-day life
- Italian Fresco's- Religious stories involve signs and symbols
- Comic book style of moving from one scene to another
- Communicating to illiterate and uneducated
- John Everett Millais "Bubbles" (1886)- Art becomes Advertisement due to inclusion of Typography
Terms of Graphic Design
- William Addison Dwiggins in 1992- "duty is to make the message clear"
- Herbert Spencer- "Mechanized Art"
- Max Bill & Josef Muller- Brockman- "Visual Communication"
- Richard Hollis- "Choosing marks and Arranging them on a surface to convay an idea"
- Paul Rand- "Deals with the Spectator... The designer's problems are twofold: To anticipate the Spectator's reaction and meet his own aesthetic needs"
- Josef Muller- Brockman- "Whatever the information transmitted, it must ethically and culturally, reflects it's responsibility to society"
Relationship between Fine Art & Graphic Design
- Manet "A Bar at the Folies Bergeres" (1882) - Modernity, Decadance and Affluence
- Toulouse- Latrec posters- Modernity
- Fine Line between Fine Art and Graphic Design
- Consideration of Layout? Thought out Presentation?
- Alphonse Mucha "Job" (1898)- Could easily be Fine Art without the text on it
- Art Neauvou Style
- Charles Rennie Machintosh & Koloman Moser posters- Common Aesthetic (Avant-garde)
- Developed with Thought to Layout
- Peter Behrens "AEG" (1910)- Introduction of Abstration within Fine Art
Graphic Design During The Wars
- Saville Lumley " Daddy, What did YOU do in the Great War?" (1915)- Realistic English Style yet
accompanied by Type
- Influenced Alfred Leete and James Flagg 'I Want YOU' posters
- Julius Gipkens "Trophies of the Air War" (1915)- German Propaganda (Use of Typography)
- Sophisticated yet Graphic
- Kandinsky "Composition VIII" (1923)- Abstraction yet has Geometric Shapes and Forms
- El Lissitsky "Beat The Whites with the Red Wedge" (1919)- Symbolism and Colour Theory
- Abstract Geometric Forms
-F.H. Stingemore and Harry Beck "London Underground Map" (131-1933)- Iconic
- Simple Communication
- Graphic not Realistic
- Appropriated by Fine Art (Simon Patterson "The Great Bear" (1992))
- Herbert Bayer "Kandinsky 60th Birthday Exhibition" (1926)- Slightly Off Center
- Breaking Bounderies
- Negative Space
- Functional
- Herbert Matter "Swiss Tourist Board" (1932-1934)- Logical Way of Thinking
- Considered and Refined
- A.M.Cassandre posters- Communication
- Minimalist Representations
- Josep Renau posters- Propaganda
- Pere Catala i Pic "Let's Squash Facism" (1936)- Media for the Masses
- Coming from the Streets
- G. Klucis posters (1930-1931)- Russian Propaganda
- Celebrating Stalin
- Mechanised Art
- New Technologies
Graphic Design and Consumerism
- Abram Games "Festival of Britain" (1951)- Celebrate Britishness and a Sense of Well-Being
- Sightly Restrained
- Paul Rand- Jacqueline Cochran Advertisement (1946)- Screenprinting
- American Broadcasting Company (1962) and IBM poster (1970)- Big Business
- Corporations
- Branding
- Saul Bass Hitchcock Film Posters (1950's)- Rise of Popular Culture
THE FIRST THINGS FIRST MANIFESTO (1964) by Ken Garland
- Questioning what Designers Do
- Rally Cry to get Designers to think about what they do
- Be more Community- based rather than try to sell products with your work
Repsonse to the First Things First Manifesto
- F. H. K. Henrion "Stop Nuclear Suicide" (1960)- Use of Symbol for Nuclear Disarmament
- Push Pin Studio "End Bad Breath" (1968)- Nod to Uncle Sam Poster
- Highly Politicised
- War leaves Bad Taste in Mouth
- Art Workers Coalition "Q.And Babies? A. And Babies" (1970)- Shocking Imagery
- Emotive Text
- Politicised
Application of Graphic Design
- LP Covers- Higpnosis "10CC, Deceptive Blends" (1977)- Over-worked and Over Indulgent
- Jamie Reid "Sex Pistols" (1977)- Simplistic DIY Aesthetic
- Colour Juxtaposition
- Peter Saville "Factory Records"- Symbol becomes Synonymous
- Aesthetic- Beautiful Object
Graphic Design and Post-Modernsim
- Neville Brody- "The Face Magazine"(1980's)- Composition (Text and Image Layout)
- David Carson- Disconnected Layout with Subject Matter
Sleeve Design
- Public Image Ltd (1986)- Away from Product Embellishment
- Exactly what you get
- Peter Blake "St. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band" (1960's)- Over-Indulgence
- Designers Republic "Pop Will Eat Itself"(1994)- Graphic Representation of being an Outsider
- Knowing play of Imagery and Symbolism
- This influenced Judy Blume's Fashion Designs
- Mark Farrow "Spiritualized CD Packaging"(1997)- Collectable Item
- Corp & Times Magazine- Offensive Tone of Voice
Graphic Design and Social Concious
- Johnathan Barnbrook- "Bastard Typeface" (1990)- Witty yet Self- Congratulatory
- "Olympukes" - Opinionated
- Do They Serve a Purpose?
- Oliviero Toscani "Benetton Adverts" (1990-1992)- Shock Advertising
- Nothing to do with Clothes
- Selling a Lifestyle?
"Designers... Ineffective about plying thier craft for Social or Political Betterment... Can Graphic Designers Do Anyhting To Change The World? ...Have a Commitment to a Specific Cause"
- Steven Heller (1991)
Conclusion:
- Relatively Young Disapline- Needs time to develop and mature
- Line Between the Disaplines- Blurred- Restricts the audience?
- Concerned with Social Issues- Prides Itself on Moral Concerns- Self- Congratulatory?
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